Showing posts with label world coasts. Show all posts
Showing posts with label world coasts. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 9, 2011

Maratea coast Hiking Southern Italy


Until just a few years ago, hiking was a necessity in the impoverished mountains of southern Italy. The rural roads joining hilltop villages to the coast-bound highways were often washed away by seasonal torrents and broken by neglect. Private automobiles were rare, at least by comparison to the more prosperous north.


In recent years, prospects in southern Italy have changed; little mom-and-pop olive groves have given way to large corporate farms, and everyone, it seems, has a recent-vintage car in which to tool around on the region's still-terrifying but better-maintained mountain roads. Now that the area is more easily accessible, outsiders have begun to discover southern Italy as a vacation spot, and they're been bringing their pastimes, like hiking, with them.


Though still far from crowded, the ancient footpaths of southern Italy's Maratea Coast, in constant use since the Neolithic era, now boast more Vibram-booted walkers than flock-shooing shepherds. Local hiking enthusiasts have made modest improvements on those paths, marking them with unobtrusive signs that point the way to the area's many natural attractions—limestone caves, stony beaches, gushing cliffside springs, and tall mountains among them.
The most difficult of the hikes near the Maratea coast is marked on signs and trail maps as the Percorso Monte Crivo. It leads from the canyon-hugging town of Maratea up into the granite and limestone formations of the Serra Cappallera. It begins at the trailhead near the town's famed seventy-foot-tall statue of Christ the Redeemer, with its arms fully extended to form the shape of a cross. My friend Renato Formisani, who bases his ocean-going sailboat Flora in Maratea's larger harbor, is fond of grumbling about the statue, which, even a die-hard believer might admit, doesn't quite fit into an otherwise stunning view of tall mountains tumbling into a crystalline sea. Renato is more bothered, though, by the fact that the statue faces inland. "Jesus ought to be looking out for us sailors," he says. "We need the protection more than the landlubbers."


That may be true today, but the Maratea coast's tall mountains are famed for their wildness, and the the people who once lived among them, who needed watching. In the Aeneid, Virgil tells us that it was here that Aeneas's helmsman Palinurus washed ashore after falling asleep on watch—and here that the local inhabitants promptly butchered the unfortunate stranger. In more recent years, the cave-riddled hills served as hiding places for bandits, Mafiosi, and antifascist guerrillas. The odds of being robbed or injured here were solid enough that for many years few outsiders came to the region—which was just fine by the locals, who kept to their vineyards and gardens and worked the fertile sea pretty much unnoticed.


The Percorso Monte Crivo winds along a cart road until it reaches a broad limestone shelf called the Piedi la Scala, where you'll find a small rest area sporting a fountain of delicious spring water. The path climbs from there to the top of 3,858-foot (1,176 m) Monte Crivo, following streams cut into forested canyons. The trail is steep, but the views it affords are well worth the effort. At its higher elevations, too, the path is overgrown with fennel, thyme, and sage, stalks of which brush up against your pant legs to give you the scent of a good marinara sauce, an improvement over the odor of the usual sweating mountaineer. The Monte Crivo trail is only 2.5 miles (4.1 km) long from start to finish, but it's difficult. Plan on two hours to make the top, and another two or three to descend.
Comment On This Article
 An easier trail of about the same distance as the Percorso Monte Crivo begins south of the Marina di Maratea near Castrocucco Beach. Here, the ruins of a Norman castle overlook a small rocky island into which the sea has carved a series of deep grottos. The trail climbs to just above 1,300 feet (400 m) above sea level along the Vallone Arenara ("sandy vale"), ending near the hills dotted with olive groves above the hamlet of Massa. From there, you can descend along a narrow auto road to Maratea, or cross to the Percorso Monte Crivo due north. Again, from Maratea, plan on about three hours each way.


A third trail, known locally as the Malvello, runs roughly midway between Maratea and the mountaintop village of Trecchina. The trail is a little more than 5.5 miles (9 km) long and takes 4-5 hours. The Malvello trail follows a broad coastal plane below Monte Coccovello, a steep, 4,941-foot (1,505 m) rise that affords a view of Lagonegro, the village where, legend has it, the smiling woman who sat for Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa lived out her last years. Paths to the mountaintop are unsigned but easy to follow. A marked trail leads to the tiny cliffside village of Cersuta, then continues along a rocky beach that commands a sweeping view of the Gulf of Policastro. A few private campsites have been set up along this beach, and, if you're inclined to rough it, just pitch a tent there and wait for someone to come along to collect the fee, which runs to about 5,000 lire, or under $2.50, a night.






Keep your eyes open, too, for wolves. Maratea's paths connect to other ancient roads that lead north and south to two of Italy's least-visited national parks: the Parco Nazionale del Cilento e Vallo Diano and the Parco Nazionale del Pollino. Both embrace some of the tallest peaks in the southern Apennines and large populations of wildlife—including Canis lupus, which has disappeared from most other parts of western Europe.

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Introduction port qasim

Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is adjacent to the town of the same name in southeastern Karachi, Pakistan, on the Arabian Sea and the delta of the Indus River. Port Muhammad Bin Qasim was constructed in the 1970s to take some of the burgeoning traffic clogging the Port of Karachi. Today, it is Pakistan’s’ second biggest port.Vessels approach Port Muhammad Bin Qasim through a 45-kilometer Navigation Channel that can accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT. Tidal variation at Port Muhammad Bin Qasim ranges from 0.5 to 3.5 meters. One of Port Muhammad Bin Qasim’s advantages its location near the national highway network (the National Highway is 15 kilometers away), the rail network (the National Railway is 14 kilometers away), and air transport (22 kilometers from Jinnah International Airport). The National Railway has six tracks immediately behind the berths.
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim contains nine berths that handle cargo. It contains a multi-purpose terminal with four multi-purpose berths, each 200 meters in length. The Qasim International Container Terminal has two berths, each 300 meters long. The Engro Vopak Chemical Terminal has one berth. Pakistan Steel Mills uses the 279-meter-long Iron Ore and Coal Berth. The Fotco Oil Terminal has one berth but has room to add another four.
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim’s International Container Terminal contains two container-handling berths that were converted from four former multi-purpose berths. The terminal is the country’s first dedicated international container terminal, and it has been operating since mid-1997. The terminal covers 240 thousand square meters and has capacity to handle 360 thousand TEUs per year. It can accommodate vessels to 272 meters long and up to 45 thousand DWT. The terminal has rail-mounted ship-to-shore gantry cranes.
Working with Pakistan GasPort, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is adding a floating Liquefied Natural Gas Terminal that will handle 3 million tons per year and accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT. Initial detailed surveys have been completed, and the project is scheduled to be completed in late 2010. The M/s Granada Group of Companies is planning a new specialized Liquefied Natural Gas Floating Terminal that will handle 3.5 million tons per year. Technical proposals are being evaluated.
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is adding a dedicated Coal, Clinker/Cement Terminal that will handle 4 million tons per year and accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT.
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is also planning to add a second Oil Jetty to handle products from the proposed Indus Oil Refinery. The jetty will have capacity for 9 million tons per year and will accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT.
Pakistan Steel Mills has requested a second Iron Ore and Coal Berth at Port Muhammad Bin Qasim. The port is planning to add a facility, to be synchronized with expansions of the steel mills, with capacity for 8 million tons per year that can accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT. Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is completing construction of a new Liquid Cargo Terminal to handle up to 4 million tons per year. Covering an area of more than 16.5 thousand square meters, the terminal will accommodate vessels to 35 thousand DWT.
Scheduled for completion in 2010, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is adding a second container terminal with capacity for almost 1.2 million TEUs under an agreement with Dubai Port World. Covering an area of 250 thousand square meters, the terminal will support 6000-TEU container vessels.
In addition to these projects, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is undertaking improvements at the port that include deepening and widening the navigation channel and completing the computerization systems supporting port operations.
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim’s Fotco Oil Terminal has operated since 1995. This state-of-the-art, environmentally-friendly terminal can handle 9 million tons of furnace oil per year, and there is room to add three more berths that would raise its capacity to 27 million tons per year. The facility’s jetty can accommodate vessels to 75 thousand DWT, and the terminal can berth tankers to 63 thousand DWT. Since it opened, the terminal has handled more than 29 million tons of furnace oil. In early 2001, it started handling white oil, and it has handled British Petroleum crude oil. Anticipating growth in Pakistan’s future needs for petroleum, the terminal can have four more berths and product pipelines. In addition, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim has set aside over 31 hectares of land for a POL Storage Tank Farm.